Detail:
Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families that plays several important roles in the brain and body. It is an amine synthesized by removing a carboxyl group from a molecule of its precursor chemical L-DOPA, which is synthesized in the brain and kidneys. Dopamine is also synthesized in plants and most animals. In the brain, dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter—a chemical released by neurons (nerve cells) to send signals to other nerve cells. The brain includes several distinct dopamine pathways, one of which plays a major role in the motivational component of reward-motivated behavior. The anticipation of most types of rewards increases the level of dopamine in the brain, and many addictive drugs increase dopamine release or block its reuptake into neurons following release. Other brain dopamine pathways are involved in motor control and in controlling the release of various hormones. These pathways and cell groups form a dopamine system which is neuromodulatory.
In popular culture and media dopamine is often seen as the main chemical of pleasure, but the current opinion in pharmacology is that dopamine instead mediates incentive salience which signals the value of a given reward to the organism and motivating action required for attainment. In other words, dopamine appears to mediate desire and motivation more than pleasure.
Outside the central nervous system, dopamine functions primarily as a local chemical messenger. In blood vessels, it inhibits norepinephrine release and acts as a vasodilator (at normal concentrations); in the kidneys, it increases sodium excretion and urine output; in the pancreas, it reduces insulin production; in the digestive system, it reduces gastrointestinal motility and protects intestinal mucosa; and in the immune system, it reduces the activity of lymphocytes. With the exception of the blood vessels, dopamine in each of these peripheral systems is synthesized locally and exerts its effects near the cells that release it.
Several important diseases of the nervous system are associated with dysfunctions of the dopamine system, and some of the key medications used to treat them work by altering the effects of dopamine. Parkinson's disease, a degenerative condition causing tremor and motor impairment, is caused by a loss of dopamine-secreting neurons in an area of the midbrain called the substantia nigra. Its metabolic precursor L-DOPA can be manufactured, and in its pure form marketed as Levodopa is the most widely used treatment for the condition. There is evidence that schizophrenia involves altered levels of dopamine activity, and most antipsychotic drugs used to treat this are dopamine antagonists which reduce dopamine activity.Similar dopamine antagonist drugs are also some of the most effective anti-nausea agents. Restless legs syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with decreased dopamine activity. Dopaminergic stimulants can be addictive in high doses, but some are used at lower doses to treat ADHD. Dopamine itself is available as a manufactured medication for intravenous injection: although it cannot reach the brain from the bloodstream, its peripheral effects make it useful in the treatment of heart failure or shock, especially in newborn babies.
Product Name: 3-Hydroxytyramine hydrochloride
Synonyms: 2-benzenediol,4-(2-aminoethyl)-hydrochloride;4-(2-aminoethyl)-pyrocatechohydrochloride;dopaminechloride;intropin;m-hydroxytyraminehydrochloride;p498;LABOTEST-BB LT00233111;DOPAMINE HCL
CAS: 62-31-7
MF: C8H12ClNO2
MW: 189.64
EINECS: 200-527-8
Product Categories: Anilines, Aromatic Amines and Nitro Compounds;Dopamine receptor;Amines;Aromatics;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Isotope Labelled Compounds;Pharmaceuticals;Building Blocks;Chemical Synthesis;Organic Building Blocks;Oxygen Compounds;Polyols;INTROPIN
Mol File: 62-31-7.mol
3-Hydroxytyramine hydrochloride Structure
3-Hydroxytyramine hydrochloride Chemical Properties
Melting point 248-250 °C(lit.)
density 1.4 g/cm3
Fp 11℃
storage temp. Store at -20°C
solubility alcohol: 20 mg/mL
form Crystalline Powder
color light tan
Water Solubility soluble
Sensitive Air & Light Sensitive
Merck 14,8462
BRN 3656720
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Combustible.
CAS DataBase Reference 62-31-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-(2-aminoethyl)-, hydrochloride(62-31-7)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes Xi,N,Xn,T,F
Risk Statements 36/37/38-50/53-22-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11
Safety Statements 26-36-61-45-36/37-16
RIDADR UN1230 - class 3 - PG 2 - Methanol, solution
WGK Germany 2
RTECS UX1092000
F 8-10-23
Hazard Note Irritant
TSCA Yes
HS Code 29222900
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Packing：
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Packing 1-4
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Shipping：
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Shipping 1-4
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Payment：
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Bitcoin;WU;MG;Bank
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Purity：
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Pure
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Appearance:
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Conform
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Date of delivery:
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Within 48 hours when you finished the payment
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Sales territory:
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All over the world
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Stock:
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Enough
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Transportation insurance:
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Yes
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Shipping origin:
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HongKong
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Synthesis of cycle:
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2-7 days
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